How I reinstall Windows 98 on my old machines

This is one of those things that might be useful to someone out there so:

This is how I, personally, reinstall Windows 98 on my retro boxes. I should note a few things:

  • I am doing this on machines with USB. Substitute accordingly to your machine's capabilities.
  • I'm also doing this on machines that are pretty minmaxed, ones that probably shouldn't run 98 but do because I'm absolutely nuts (like running 98 on very much XP machines).
  • I also have network cards in my machines.
  • I also use SATA SSDs for this.

Let's begin:

1. Prep the drive

If you're using something small and not comically large like me, you can probably skip all this and just use fdisk and format. I usually run 128GB SSDs and fdisk tends to lose it on drives larger than 32GB, so I opt to prep the drive in another OS entirely.

Do not, and I repeat, DO NOT use gparted for this; for some reason 98 does not like whatever gparted does to the drive.

My weapon of choice here is a tool called guiformat by Ridgecrop  There are other sites that come up when you google "guiformat" and they don't look trustworthy, the one hosted by Ridgecrop (despite them not using HTTPS) is the real deal. This will run from Windows XP all the way up to 11.

What I usually like to do here is do this in situ by combining it with another tool, Hiren's BootCD. Hiren's contains a live WinXP environment that you can use to run apps. I start it on the system that's getting 98, and stick guiformat on a flash drive (or on my NAS if Hiren's has the drivers for networking). At this point you can point guiformat at the drive that's supposed to get 98, let it run, and your drive is fat32 formatted and ready for 98.

You may also need to invoke diskpart to clean the drive if it's GPT-formatted (as Win98 wants MBR formatting). This is also why I like to do this on XP on the system destined for 98; I've had Win11 just assume I want an SSD formatted as GPT which will trip up older systems.

You can "clean" the drive in XP by going to an administrator-privileged command prompt and typing "diskpart". Once you're in, type "list disk", find your drive (make sure the capacities match), type "select disk x" (where x is the drive ID in the list), and then type "clean". diskpart should report success, and you'll have to restart the computer. Upon restarting (and getting back into XP), open Disk Management, and it should offer to initialize the drive.

Make sure it's set to MBR, and it'll probably force you to format it as NTFS. Let it do so. Once done, fire up guiformat and let it rip on the freshly formatted drive and you're ready for the next part.

2. Copy the 98 disc to the drive

Pop the Hiren's BootCD out of the drive (don't worry, it's okay) if you're doing this in situ, and pop the 98 disc in. If you're doing this on an external machine, either pop your 98 disc in, or crack open the .iso. Your choice.

What you want is to copy the Win98 folder on the root of the disc in its entirety to the drive you just prepped. Whichever way you go about this, just make sure you have a Win98 folder on the root of your prepped drive with all the contents from the Win98 folder on the disc.

Warning! If you're running this on a system with more than 512MB of RAM, make sure you grab Rudolph Loew's PATCHMEM (RIP) and stick it on the root of your Win98 drive, as well. You'll need it later.

Make sure you have some means of booting into DOS. This can be your Win98 disc, it can be a Win98 boot floppy, whatever you've got. Just some way to get into DOS. Make sure you have it ready. Restart the computer.

3. Installing 98

Boot off whatever DOS media you have. I just use the 98 disc itself, but again, a floppy works. You should be at a DOS prompt.
 
If you're not already at a C: prompt, type "C:" now. It'll switch you over. (If it can't find a drive on C:, something happened with drive prep or your drive controller isn't being picked up by DOS. If you're running a SATA card of sorts, make sure it's in IDE mode and not RAID mode.)
 
At the C:\ prompt, type "cd win98" and you should now be seeing a C:\WIN98 prompt. Now type "setup /is" (/is skips scandisk and some other stuff) and you should be thrown right into the Windows 98 install. This should be pretty self explanatory.
 
After a bit, the system should reboot to continue the install.
 
WARNING: If you are running more than 512MB of RAM, do NOT boot back into Windows 98 yet! Instead, after the first reboot, you'll want to boot back into DOS, and this time at the C:\ prompt type "PATCHMEM". PATCHMEM should spring to life, patch Windows 98 so that it no longer self destructs when it boots with gobs of RAM, and leave you back at the DOS prompt. At this point, NOW you can remove the DOS boot media and let the system continue the Windows 98 install like normal.
 
4. Post-Install
 
If you're running a SATA card of any sort, while it does work now it very likely needs drivers to unlock its full speed. At least this has been the case with the Intel ICH5 and Silicon Image Sil3112/3114. In the case of Intel's drivers it'll probably get installed along with the chipset, so don't worry about that.
 
What you will want to do however is drop into Device Manager (after installing all the drivers) and find your hard drives (you may have to drop into Safe Mode for this), right clicking them and make sure the DMA checkbox is ticked. Otherwise I/O performance will be unbearably slow (and cause the machine to hang, badly).
 
I do also like to fully update my 98 installations by using Windows Update Restored (or Legacy Update for newer systems, if you're wondering if that exists). There are also patches for USB Mass Storage (as Windows 98 was before the proliferation of USB flash drives being everywhere).
 
If you want a ballin' wallpaper you can totally use one of my Windows 98 themed wallpapers, like this one. (Hey, I gotta toot my own horn a little bit.) 
 
With that, you should have a nice base on which to build an awesome retro 98 box for whatever purpose you wish. If you want some recommendations, I use mine mostly for gaming (Quake 3, Diablo II, Unreal Tournament, Serious Sam, etc) and maybe some creative stuff (Bryce 4). 
 
5. Etc.
 
This is not THE way to install 98. It is just MY way of installing 98. I know there are probably easier ways, I know there are probably new ways! But for me, this is the routine that has given me the most consistent results every time and I have installed 98 way, way more times in the last two years than I care to admit. Hopefully you got something from this.